What are the cells called that provide the skin with its color?

Melanocytes are the specialized cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanin is crucial not only for determining the diversity of skin tones but also for protecting the skin against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. These cells are located in the epidermis, specifically in the basal layer, where they synthesize melanin and distribute it to neighboring keratinocytes. This pigmentation process is influenced by various factors, including genetics and exposure to sunlight, which can also lead to changes in skin tone due to increased melanin production in response to UV exposure.

In contrast, keratinocytes are primarily responsible for forming the bulk of the epidermis and producing keratin, a protein that helps protect the skin. Sebocytes produce sebum, an oily substance that helps keep the skin moisturized, while fibroblasts are critical for producing collagen and elastin, which contribute to the skin's structural integrity and resilience. These different functions highlight the unique roles of each cell type within the integumentary system.