What is the role of melanin in the skin?

Melanin plays a crucial role in the skin primarily by producing pigment that offers protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is synthesized by melanocytes and gives skin its color, ranging from pale to dark, depending on the concentration and type of melanin present. When the skin is exposed to UV radiation from the sun, melanin absorbs and dissipates this harmful energy, thereby reducing the risk of DNA damage that could lead to skin cancer. This protective mechanism is essential for maintaining skin health and preventing harmful effects associated with overexposure to sunlight.

The other options refer to different functions that do not relate to the purpose of melanin. For example, structural support is typically provided by proteins like collagen and elastin, moisture regulation is managed by sebaceous glands and other skin components, and pressure detection is primarily the function of specialized nerve endings within the skin. Therefore, melanin’s key function is its role in pigmentation and UV protection.