What major role does melanin serve in the skin?

Melanin serves a critical role in the skin primarily by providing UV protection. This pigment is produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells located in the lower epidermis. When skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, melanin absorbs and dissipates this harmful energy, acting as a natural sunscreen. By doing so, it helps prevent DNA damage in skin cells, which can lead to skin cancer and other harmful effects of excessive UV exposure. This protective function of melanin is why individuals with darker skin, which contains more melanin, generally have a lower risk of certain skin cancers compared to those with lighter skin. Melanin's ability to absorb UV light is an essential part of the skin's defense system against environmental factors that could lead to skin damage.