What pigment is responsible for skin color?

Melanin is the pigment responsible for skin color. It is produced by specialized skin cells known as melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. The amount and type of melanin produced by these cells determine the variety of skin tones among individuals. There are different forms of melanin, including eumelanin (which is brown or black) and pheomelanin (which is yellow or red), and the balance between these types contributes to the overall color of a person's skin.

Furthermore, melanin plays a critical role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. By absorbing UV light, melanin reduces the risk of DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer and other skin disorders. This protective feature underlines the importance of melanin beyond mere cosmetic appearance, highlighting its role in skin health.

While hemoglobin contributes to the coloration of the skin, particularly in relation to blood flow and oxygenation, it is not the primary determinant of overall skin color. Keratin is a structural protein that is part of the skin, hair, and nails, contributing to their strength and durability but does not influence color directly. Cholesterol, although essential for skin function and cellular structure, does