Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the sensation of pain?

The dermis is the layer of skin primarily responsible for the sensation of pain due to its rich supply of nerve endings and sensory receptors. This layer contains a dense network of connective tissues, blood vessels, and various types of nerve fibers. Among its structures are pain receptors known as nociceptors, which specifically respond to potentially damaging stimuli by transmitting pain signals to the brain.

The epidermis, while it protects underlying layers and contains some sensory receptors, is primarily involved in the barrier function of the skin and does not have the same capacity for sensing pain. The hypodermis, often referred to as the subcutaneous layer, lies beneath the dermis and mainly serves as insulation and a cushioning layer, providing support rather than sensory input. Thus, the dermis plays a critical role in the body's ability to perceive pain and respond to injuries or harmful stimuli.