Which part of the nail is responsible for growth?

The nail matrix is the key part responsible for nail growth. It is situated beneath the base of the nail, specifically under the cuticle, and consists of specialized cells that produce keratin. These cells divide and multiply, leading to the formation of new nail cells that push older cells forward, resulting in the visible growth of the nail plate. The health and activity of the nail matrix are crucial for the overall growth rate and appearance of the nails.

In contrast, the nail plate refers to the hard, protective outer layer of the nail, which does not contain living cells and doesn't contribute to growth. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate that supports the nail and provides it with nutrients but is not directly involved in producing new nail cells. The eponychium, commonly known as the cuticle, protects the nail matrix and nail bed from infection but does not play a role in the actual growth of the nail. Understanding the distinct functions of each part of the nail helps clarify why the nail matrix is specifically responsible for growth.